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CARLOS MAXWELL MONREAL
Experto Chileno, residente en Canadá.
Ph.D. en Microbiología de Suelos y Bioquímica; Universidad de Alberta.
Present Employment
Research Scientist - Nanobiotechnology for the Agricultural Environment Science Advisor - Environmental Health & Renewable Energy Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaAddress as above
Employment1984- 1989 Area Soil Conservationist, PFRA, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada1990-1999 Research Scientist, Soil Biochemistry, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada2000-2004 Research Coordinator/Science Advisor, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada2004-present Research Scientist/Science Advisor, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Education- Agronomist Engineer, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, 1975.- M.Sc., Soil Fertility, University of Alberta, Canada, 1981.- Ph.D., Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Canada, 1987.
LanguagesFluent written/reading/oral: English and SpanishProficient at reading French
Academic Experience* Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Manitoba, Canada* Lectured on the biochemistry and chemistry of soil organic matter (SOM)* Supervisor of graduate and undergraduate students * Ph.D. & M.Sc. Theses Advisor for Graduate and Undergraduate Students * External examiner for Ph.D. Thesis at the Université Laval, Canada; Universidad Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico; and Universidad de la Frontera and Universidad de Concepcion, Chile* Lectured undergraduate soil laboratory courses at the University of Alberta, Canada.
Research and Management Experience
a) Scientific Leadership* National Scientific leader for the project: “From Manures to Novel Bioproducts using. Micro- and Nano-technologies” funded under the Technology and Innovation program of NRCan (2005-2008).* National scientific leader of the Energy Co-generation from Agricultural and Municipal Wastes program funded under the Climate Change Action Plan 2000 Initiative (2001-2006).* National scientific leader of the Biological Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks Research Program funded under the Climate Change Action Plan 2000 Initiative (2001-2006).* National science leader of the Environmental Technology Assessment for Agriculture program funded under the Agricultural Policy Framework (2003-2008).* National manager and coordinator for environmental research programs implemented in Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada: Program of Energy and Research Development (PERD); Climate Change Initiatives (i.e., National Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Verification System; Technology Early Action Measures; Toxic Substances Research Initiative. * Canadian delegate that negotiated the final text of the document entitled Summary for Government Policy Makers published by Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change of the UN, Montreal, April 2000. * External advisor to an agricultural sustainability and C sequestration project supported by the Mexican Government and the World Bank in Mexico (2002-2005.* Associate Editor for Agricultura Técnica, Chile (2005 to present)* Past Associate Editor for the Canadian Journal of Soil Science (1997-2002)* International coordinator for an agricultural development project in Costa Rica. Agreement signed between the Canadian and Costa Rican Societies of Soil Science, and supported by the Agricultural Institute of Canada and the Canadian International Development Agency (1997-2000).
b) Simulation modeling, management and environmental issues * Developed kinetic models of SOM, and used the Century model to forecast SOM changes and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from representative crop production systems in Canada. * Integrated Century, soil, climate and land use databases with geographical information systems to forecast the influence of management on SOM dynamics and represent the spatial variability of GHG sources and sinks in cultivated land of Canada. * Assessing the long-term sustainability of agricultural landscapes of Manitoba and the influence of industrial amendments on crop productivity and soil biological properties.* Studied the influence of management practices on greenhouse gas emissions from soils.
c) Soil and crop management, crop production, land use and ecology* Determined the effect of time and method of fertilizer-N placement on crop yield and N losses. * Identified nutrient mineralizing enzymes expressing the influence of land use and tillage. * Established relationships between soil enzyme activity level and nitrogen mineralization. * Established models quantifying grain yield of wheat based on soil erosion and SOM dynamics.* Evaluated the impacts of soil erosion and SOM dynamics on hay production.* Studied influences of crop rotation systems on soil microbial diversity. * Determined the effects of crop management on soil factors influencing soil C stabilization. * Network leader of soil scientists evaluating management effects on SOM dynamics and quality.* Used stable and radioisotopes in studies of nutrient cycling and SOM dynamics. * Assessing the effect of manure addition on soil nutrient supply power.
d) Ecosystem quality * Developed a conceptual model for functional indicators of soil health in sustainable agriculture. * Developed methodologies for assessing the biological, chemical and physical health of soils. * Evaluated the chemical quality of SOM using state-of-the-art technologies of solid 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry. • Identified key ecological functions for chemical components of SOM in terrestrial systems.* Established the positive effects of soil lipid pools on the structural stability of heavy clay soils.* Used conventional methods of statistics to assess the influence of management on crop productivity and soil properties. * Applied geostatistics and spectral analyses to define the spatial variability of soil properties.* Used multivariate analyses to identify key components of nutrient cycling as affected by tillage.
Technology Transfer * In cooperation with the Land Stewardship Environmental Bureau and the University of Guelph prepared a position paper on the role of soil ecology in crop production systems.* Delivered a Soil Conservation Program during 5 years in Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada.* Organized farmer groups dealing with soil conservation in Southwestern Saskatchewan. * Identified land degradation issues, and promoted the transfer of new technologies through farmer groups in Southwestern Saskatchewan.* Demonstrated to farmers the increased efficiency of N-fertilizers placed in bands and nests. * Determined hydrogeological mechanisms causing dryland salinity in Saskatchewan. * Designed and implemented engineering and agronomic methods to control soil salinity.* Promoted conservation crop production systems through field days and field size demo plots. * Created awareness on soil conservation issues by talking to farmer groups and news media; participated in extension conferences, agricultural exhibitions and workshops in Saskatchewan.* Delivered and administered the Permanent Cover Program that converted marginal degraded land to permanent grassland in Southwestern Saskatchewan.
Financial Resources Management* As a national leader of research project and programs obtained and manages funding for research programs totaling $ 18 M. * Trained and supervised technical, post-doctoral and research associate staff at AAFC; and served as advisor in Graduate Student Theses Committees at the University of Manitoba. * Delivered and managed federal government programs totaling $ 1.9 million for Soil Conservation and Permanent Cover Programs delivered through AAFC and farmer groups. * Established working alliances with universities, private sector, extension and research agencies of provincial and federal governments.
Scientific Recognition, Societies and Awards* Special recognition from the Deputy Minister and Assistant Deputy Ministers of AAFC and Environment Canada for extraordinary contribution to agriculture and climate change policy, scientific and international negotiation (2003 & 2004), and Canada's successful Presidency of the UN Climate Change Conference in Montreal 2005.* Member of the Canadian and International Societies of Soil Science, and International Humic Substances Society.* Recipient of the Canadian Wheatboard Fellowship (1980 to 1983).* Award presented by Wheatland Conservation Area Inc. for technical and scientific services provided to farmers in Saskatchewan.* AAFC Recognition Award for contributions made to the Research Branch Seminar Committee.* Awarded Teaching and Research Assistantship at the University of Alberta.* Awarded research funds (totaling $2 Million) from government and industry between 1986 and 1999.
List of Publications
Refereed Scientific Journals and Book Chapters1. Schnitzer, M.I., Monreal, C.M. and G. Jandl. 2008. The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis. III. Analyses of chicken manure, biooils and char by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and of biooils by pyrolysis-field desorption mass spectrometry (Py-FDMS). J. Env. Sci. and Health Part B (In Press).
2. Schnitzer, M.I., Monreal, C.M., Facey, G.A., and P. Fransham. 2007. The Conversion of Chicken Manure to Biooil by Fast Pyrolysis. I. Analyses of chicken manure, biooils and char by 13C and 1H NMR and FTIR spectrophotometry. J. Env. Sci. and Health Part B 42:1-7. 3. Schnitzer, M.I., Monreal, C.M., Jandl, G. Leinweber P and P. Fransham. 2007. The Conversion of Chicken Manure to Biooil by Fast Pyrolysis. II. Analysis of Chicken Manure, Biooils, and Char by Curie-Point Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (Cp Py-GC/MS). J. Env. Sci. and Health Part B 42:8-17
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SEGURIDAD Y EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA: UN APORTE CIENTÍFICO PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS.